Clinical Trials Evaluation And Treatment Of Her2...

Tanzir Mortuza PHAR 7100 Project 2 Clinical Trial Evaluation Primary Article: Vogel, Charles L., et al. Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab as a single agent in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 20.3 (2002): 719-726. 1.0 Introduction: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in the US for women (http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics). Even though the diagnosis and treatment of this condition has improved dynamically over the past few decades, it is still one of the leading causes of mortality among the women in USA and all over the world. There are usually four stages of breast cancer (http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics).†¦show more content†¦Around 25-30% of the total breast cancer patients are diagnosed with HER2 gene amplification (Vogel, Charles L., et al, 2002). Patients with HER2 gene overexpression also produces a higher level of protein therefore, the patients with this condition are susceptible to decreased disease free and shorter overall survival rate(Vogel, Charles L., et al, 2002). The non-targeted cytotoxic chemotherapy has been used as a standard treatment of this condition. However, there are several side effects for these non-targeted t herapies; such as vomiting, nausea, headache, fatigue, diarrhea, dizziness, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukemia, anxiety, depression, anorexia and so on(O Shaughnessy, Joyce, et al, 2011). Therefore, a lot of patients are unable to use cytotoxic chemotherapy as a standard treatment. It is necessary to have a safe treatment that can serve the unmet purpose of these patients. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the p185 site of HER2 (Vogel, Charles L., et al, 2002). As this is a humanized antibody, it reduces the chances of immunological response in the human body that may occur if a murine antibody was used. At the same time, this humanized monoclonal antibody initiates the maximum recruitment of patients’ endogenous immune system to attack and destroy the overexpressed cells (Vogel, Charles L., et al, 2002). The efficacy of this therapeutic has been already evaluated with presence of chemotherapy in several clinical

climate (589 words) Essay Example For Students

climate (589 words) Essay INTRODUZIONE AL CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICOL?attenzione di alcuni scienziati del Gooddard Istitute ? da tempo caduta sul cambiamento climatico che sta avvenendo sulle sponde del Mediterraneo . Confrontando i risultati dei principali modelli climatici i ricercatori hanno delineato i possibili impatti sul raddoppio dell?anidride carbonica(CO2). La regione che si affaccia sulle sponde mediterranee,e quindi risente della macchia mediterranea(0),? caratterizzata da stagioni miti e non estremizzate ;qui si produce il 60% dell? olio d?oliva ,il 45% dell? uva, il 20% di agrumi e il 12% dei cereali ma tutto ci? potrebbe cambiare perch? il bacino potrebbe essere colpito da condizioni climatiche tropicali, e il regime delle piogge trasformarsi , con periodi di siccit? alternati a periodi di piogge intense e tempeste , le quali scaricheranno enormi quantit? d?acqua in pochissimo tempo, il terreno non riuscir? ad assorbirle. E sconvolgendo questo ciclo, circa il 30% del territorio italiano rischia di trasformarsi in deserto e come esso anche tutte le coste del sud europeo e del nord Africa. L? aumento del livello del Mediterraneo sar? di almeno 20 centimetri investendo in Italia Venezia, il delta del Po, le coste basse dell? Adriatico ,della Toscana e del Lazio: migliaia di chilometri di coste italiane diventeranno sempre pi? vulnerabili a burrasche e tempeste. Mentre per quanto riguarda le culture di ulivo e limone si sposteranno pi? al nord, e i cereali subiranno effetti negativi su larga scala per colpa del mutato ciclo idrico. Per quanto riguarda il cambiamento degli ecosistemi dipender? dalla velocit? con cui tutto ci? accadr?. Quanto all? umanit? ci si attende che si proponga un ulteriore divario tra le popolazioni del sud del mondo e quelle del nord del mondo. I paesi industrializzati troveranno i modi per far fronte a questi cambiamenti, mentre i paesi pi? poveri pagheranno a caro prezzo questo stravolgimento e poco cambier? se ?l?impronta umana?(cio? come influisce l?uomo sull?ambiente da lui insediato) ? stata individuata oppure no perch? le loro condizioni potranno solo peggiorare. CAUSE CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICOOggi ? chiaro che i cambiamenti climatici, e dunque il riscaldamento globale, stanno minacciando interi ecosistemi(1), mettendo a repentaglio anche la nostra vita a causa dellaumento dellintensit? e della frequenza dei cosiddetti eventi estremi (uragani, alluvioni)e l?uso spropositato di combustibili fossili ha portato a un aumento dell?anidride carbonica(CO2) In pi? abbiamo altre cause del cambiamento climatico:Inquinamento industriale:vengono liberati nell?aria anidride solforosa, piombo, ossidi di azoto, zolfo e tantissime altre sostanze tutte fortemente nocive per le piante, gli animali e l?uomo stesso;Inquinamento da autoveicoli(smog):vengono liberati nell?aria ossido di carbonio , ossido di azoto , piombo e idrocarburi non completamente bruciati. L?ossido di carbonio in dosi elevate ? mortale, l?ossido di azoto provoca bronchiti e contribuisce alla formazione delle piogge acide, il piombo causa seri danni ai vari organi vitali e gli idrocarburi sono altamente cancerogeni(questo inquinamento interessa principalmente le citta dove ? stanziato l?87% della popolazione);Inquinamento da impianti di riscaldamento:vengono liberati nell?aria anidride solforosa, fumo e altre sostanze tossiche che contribuiscono alla formazione delle piogge acide. Tutte queste sostanze rallentano il fenomeno della fotosintesi clorofiliana, reazione biochimicaeffettuata dai vegetali, con questa reazione le piante di giorno assorbono anidride carbonica e rilasciano ossigeno, mentre di notte il cont rario oltre a ci? le foreste incamerano anidride carbonica invece di lasciarla libera nell? atmosfera cos? immagazzinano ogni anno met? della CO2 mondiale pi? o meno 3,000,000,000 di tonnellate ecco perche il disboscamento ? un fenomeno cosi distruttivo per l? ambiente..

Trip Report Essay Example For Students

Trip Report Essay Trip ReportSummaryThis assignment was designed to get the views of athletes toward how the athletic budget is spent and what type of activities that they do. In this case the intended audience was current athletes at Washington State University. Athletes competing in different sports were surveyed. This survey was conducted February 17-20. My target audience was the actual audience that I surveyed. The majority of my surveying was conducted outside of the varsity weightroom. AssesmentI felt that I got reliable info on the majority of the questions. My goal, as stated above, was to get the view of athletes on what they thought of their budget, and how they spend their free time. I believe that the questions represented what it was I was trying to get. The information that I received will be helpful to my group in that we can assess the athletic budget to see if there is excess spending that can be used by the students. We will write a custom essay on Trip Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The questions can be delegated to three different groups, as follows:Budget and Spending1. I am aware of how tuition is dispersed throughout the University. #61623; Twenty-five of the thirty people surveyed (83%) said no, that they do not know how it is dispersed. 2.Yes or no; my tuition is paid by an athletic scholarship. #61623; Twenty-two of the thirty surveyed (73%) said yes, their tuition is paid for. 3.True or False, I spend all of the meal money allotted to me on the trips. #61623; Seventeen of the thirty surveyed (57%) said true, they spend all of the meal money. 4. How would you rate the hotels that you stay in during your trips, one being excellent and four being poor. #61623; Sixteen of the thirty surveyed (53%) circled four, saying that the hotels are excellent, four of the thirty (13%) said that the hotels were poor. Facilities and Equipment1. On a scale of one to five with one being that highest, how would you rate the varsity gym?#61623; Twenty-three of the thirty surveyed (77%) gave the varsity gym the highest rating; not one person gave the gym a rating of four or five. 2. How often must you wait around to use the equipment in the varsity gym?#61623; Twenty-three of the thirty people surveyed (77%) selected never while only seven said that they sometimes had to wait. 3. How would you rate the student gym?#61623; Fifteen of the thirty (50%) gave the student gym the highest rating, while five of the thirty (17%) gave it a poor rating. 4. How would you rate the equipment that is used in your given sport?#61623; Sixteen of the thirty (53%) said excellent, while only one person (3%) said that the equipment they used was poor. Activities1. Outside of required activities, how many times do you workout in a week? 1-2 3-4 5-6 6+#61623; Thirteen of the thirty (43%) said they workout 3-4 times, 27% 1-2, 23% 5-6 and only 7% said that they workout more than six times per week. For the following questions answers were provided and the respondent was to rank them from one to four2. Rank the following in the order that you spend the most timeStudent ActivitiesSportsSchoolworkWork#61623; Thirteen of the thirty (43%) picked sports, 33% picked schoolwork as were they spend most of their time. Twenty-six of the thirty (87%) said that Student Activities is where they spend the least of their time. 3. Rank the following excercises, with one being your most preferred. WeightliftingRunningBasketballAerobics#61623; Thirteen of the thirty (43%) picked basketball, and 30% picked weight lifting as their number one activity. Aerobics took (87%) of the last place vote4. Rank these facilities; with one being were you spend the most of your time. .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 , .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 .postImageUrl , .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 , .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7:hover , .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7:visited , .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7:active { border:0!important; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7:active , .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7 .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4539c116bbd5c753f63e174a811ed5c7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Career Goals And Goals EssayThe CubThe LibraryComputer LabThe Gyms#61623; Fourteen of the thirty (47%) chose the gyms, and 30% chose the libraries as the place where they spend the most of their timeProblemsThere were no major problems in administering the survey. A minor problem that I faced was getting surveys from different sports. It was easy to find the football players, baseball players, and both the mens and womens basketball teams. I wanted a fair representation of all sports, so it was harder to get athletes that participated in the smaller

Free Essays on My Neighborhood

My Neighborhood. Growing up in a large, sprawling urban center like the San Fernando Valley, I was basically color blind. I was raised in a very diverse ethnic area and since elementary school I had friends from many different races. Living in California, I had more that just a binary experience with different races and cultures. (Almaguer pg. 151) The differences we all had in various skin colors, cultures and attitudes did not seem important until I reached Jr. High. It wasn’t until we all reached puberty that the multi-racial friends I knew separated into various ethnic groups and became aware of the divisions within our neighborhood. Then we all dealt with such issues as gangs, busing and interracial dating from various perspectives. Since that time, it seems the lines have blurred again, or perhaps become so familiar as not to be noticeable. Racial issues have become less relevant to me personally, but they still exist in the background and we deal with them every day living in such a mu lti-racial environment. Historically, the San Fernando Valley was viewed as predominately Anglo, middle-class. This was news to me as I remember growing up with friends from many different nationalities. We were a middle class family, and I went to a middle class school that seemed to me to be very diverse. I had a friend named Marjoram who was of Indian culture, Curtis who and Angie who were black, Ted and Becky who were both white and of course Augustine and Chan who were Mexican and Korean respectively. We all lived near each other and played together, my experiences do not reflect a predominantly â€Å"whiteâ€Å" culture. I was aware, that there were differences in our family lives as a child, and occasionally we called each other names etc, but I thought that kind of individuality was normal. In fact, as children, it seems that we respected and valued each others cultures. For example, we all thought it was cool that Marjoram’s dad had ... Free Essays on My Neighborhood Free Essays on My Neighborhood My Neighborhood. Growing up in a large, sprawling urban center like the San Fernando Valley, I was basically color blind. I was raised in a very diverse ethnic area and since elementary school I had friends from many different races. Living in California, I had more that just a binary experience with different races and cultures. (Almaguer pg. 151) The differences we all had in various skin colors, cultures and attitudes did not seem important until I reached Jr. High. It wasn’t until we all reached puberty that the multi-racial friends I knew separated into various ethnic groups and became aware of the divisions within our neighborhood. Then we all dealt with such issues as gangs, busing and interracial dating from various perspectives. Since that time, it seems the lines have blurred again, or perhaps become so familiar as not to be noticeable. Racial issues have become less relevant to me personally, but they still exist in the background and we deal with them every day living in such a mu lti-racial environment. Historically, the San Fernando Valley was viewed as predominately Anglo, middle-class. This was news to me as I remember growing up with friends from many different nationalities. We were a middle class family, and I went to a middle class school that seemed to me to be very diverse. I had a friend named Marjoram who was of Indian culture, Curtis who and Angie who were black, Ted and Becky who were both white and of course Augustine and Chan who were Mexican and Korean respectively. We all lived near each other and played together, my experiences do not reflect a predominantly â€Å"whiteâ€Å" culture. I was aware, that there were differences in our family lives as a child, and occasionally we called each other names etc, but I thought that kind of individuality was normal. In fact, as children, it seems that we respected and valued each others cultures. For example, we all thought it was cool that Marjoram’s dad had ...

Basic Rhetorical Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basic Rhetorical Analysis - Assignment Example There are applications for the citizens in paying energy bills available on the Internet, and at the local county office. Addresses Certain Users Someone needs only fills in the application with honest answers. If someone does not speak English, and requires assistance filling in the application there is someone at the local county office who is available to assist someone in filling in the application. There are directions available at the back of the application explaining some of the definitions, and offer’s assistance to anyone who is in need of it. The certain users the application addresses are low income families who are in need of assistance with energy bills. There is a large X at the bottom of the application for someone to sign, and the usability of the application was made for anyone who speaks English, and if someone needs assistance there is someone at the local county office who is available to offer assistance. Help readers solve problems If readers are filling in the application over the Internet, some readers need only fills in the highlighted areas of the application. If a reader is in doubt of what information needs to be put in the application readers need only to address this issue by reading the definitions, and explanations that accompany the question.

Burberry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Burberry - Essay Example It also has a prominent base of goods made of leather and beauty products in the world. Burberry has a well diversified business model through which it sells apparel, accessories. It has well spread network of Retail, wholesale and licensing and it operates mainly in Asia Pacific, USA and European region but also has stores in rest of the world. In case of product diversification it has a rich source of women, men and children’s apparel and accessories and beauty products. The group operates into different functional areas like designing and marketing of its apparel, store architecture, supply chain management, IT, HR, Corporate affairs and strategy and finance section. For the financial year 2012-2013 its retail sales have earned 71% of total revenue and wholesale has earned 24%. Burberry has made a transition in its make-up and fragrance business by transferring it into direct operating structure. Burberry.com an online store of the group delivers it services to more than 10 0 countries in the world and further expansion of 84 more retail stores. Burberry is the most preferred luxury brand with more than 15 million fans on Facebook. It is also expanding its business in Middle East countries and has been listed as Top 100 Global Brands for consecutive four years by Interbrand (Burberry, 2013, pp. 17-26). Question 2. According to the auditor’s report of Burberry PLC, it was prepared by following the rules of IFRSs as adopted by EU. The report includes opinions which were prepared for the members of the company as per Companies act 2006. Auditors have analyzed all financial and non financial information of the company to identify whether it has any material misstatements with audited financial statements. Auditor’s report has given some opinion about the group’s financial statement that it has got a true view of the group’s profit and cash flows for the financial year 2013 and it was prepared as per the requirements of Companies Act 2006. Auditor’s report also has some matters like it has identified that director’s remuneration in some cases was not abide by law and auditors didn’t receive all the information they required for audit. Auditors need to review the director’s statement and the corporate governance statement which relates to the company’s agreement with nine provisions in UK. Auditor’s report has some advantages related to financial information like it provides the true view of the company’s financial statements. It also identifies the material misstatements or frauds in the financial statements prepared by the company. It also indicates the areas on which the company can improve it and evaluates the strength and weaknesses of the company. It analyzes the firm’s financial data and helps the investors by giving them the clear picture about the financial position of the company. Question 3. Profitability 2013 2012 % change ROE 0.24 0.30 -0.1 8 Gross Profit Margin 0.72 0.70 0.03 Net Profit Margin 0.13 0.14 -0.10 Profitability Ratio:- Profitability Ratio can be defined as financial a tool which is used to justify a company’s ability to generate revenue which is compared to the business’s expenses and other operational costs which are incurred during a specific time period and are compared to the same ratio of previous period. If the ratios are higher then it indicates that the company is doing well (Thukaram, 2007, p.99). From the above table we can see that Return on Equity for

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Freemark Case Essay Harvesting Riesling grapes immediately , or leave them on the vines despite the approaching storm the place of the vineyard. Light rain and storms are detrimental to the crop of grapes, as these cause or may develop Botrytis cinerea , a fungus that causes damage in the skins of grapes . The Freemark winery wine produced only first best grape varieties bottled 25,000 cases of wine each year as Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay . The Grapes of Freemark Abbey came from an ideal environment in the central and southern California -Napa valley . The type of wooden barrel used for storing wine influences the style of wine produced. The winemaker is to harvest the grapes when they have achieved the right balance of sugar and acidity to the wine style order. But maturity is a variable process , however , and if the weather is not appropriate, the right balance could never exist . If the grapes are harvested at 20 % sugar, the wine is fermented Dry ( all the sugar alcohol is exchanged for carbon dioxide ) or almost dry . If the grapes are harvested at 25 % sugar, the winemaker can produce a wine with the same alcohol (10 % ) but with 5 % residual sugar , this wine is sweet and relatively intense . Freemark Abbey had already produced a crop of botrytis Riesling in 1973. Jaeger concluded that there was a 50% chance that rain would hit the Napa Valley. Because the storm had originated on the warm waters of Mexico , and thought there was a 40% chance that if the storm hit , would result in the development of botrytis mold . Freemark Abbey had the option to sell the wine in large quantities, or could sell grapes directly . These alternatives would bring only a means of income, but avoid the damaging reputation of the winery, which would be risky engrossed an inferior product. If Jaeger decided not to harvest the grapes immediately in anticipation of the storm , and the storm did not hit the crop , Jaeger leave the grapes to ripen fully and probably , hopefully, sugar grapes reach 25 %, resulting in a wine that is sold about $ 3. 50 wholesaler. With less appropriate climate , the level of sugar would exceed 20 % producing a lighter wine probably sell about $ 3. The same process that resulted in increasing sugar concentration also caused a 30% reduction in overall juice . The highest price was therefore offset by a reduction in part on the amount . Expenses for the winery were about the same for each of the possible styles of wine and were small compared to the wholesale price . Evaluate the facts : Light rain and storms are detrimental to the crop of grapes, as these cause or may develop Botrytis cinerea , a fungus that causes damage in the skins of grapes . The winemaker is to harvest the grapes when they have achieved the right balance of sugar and acidity to the wine style order. But maturity is a variable process , however , and if the weather is not appropriate, the right balance could never exist . If Jaeger decided not to harvest the grapes immediately in anticipation of the storm , and the storm did not hit the crop , Jaeger leave the grapes to ripen fully and probably , hopefully, sugar grapes reach 25 %, resulting in a wine that is sold about $ 3. 50 wholesaler. Define the problem : Should riesling grapes harvested immediately or leave them on the vines despite the storm that is approaching -Napa Valley ? Establish alternative solutions : A possible solution would be to hire a provider or a scientist , to help provide a pesticide. A class of microorganisms which may inhibit the fungus concentration of grapes, but this would generate overruns while better production and lower losses . One possible solution would be to harvest the grapes immediately and directly , avoiding possible contamination but a possible change in the fermentation and maturation of these . Choose the most appropriate alternative solution A class of microorganisms which may inhibit the fungus concentration of grapes, but this would generate overruns while better production and lower losses . Prepare an action plan It would have to execute a plan of action by companies and providers that help Freemark grape production using microorganisms that help break down and improve the quality of the grapes. It would be an amicable solution with the environment , and help to prevent accidents of rain and being productive .